Debian is a gang of suckers and do very very bad things, pretending
(as of today, 2013/04/26 in debian testing) that ffmpeg is deprecated,
replacing it by av-shit. So what? So some command line arguments may not
be okay and the command as-is may fail. Use your brain. (And sodomize the
debian's asshole who pretends ffmpeg is deprecated.)

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convert raw video to avi (640x480, YUV 422, 25 fps, 600kb/s):
ffmpeg -r 25 -f rawvideo -video_size 640x480 -pixel_format yuyv422 -i INPUTFILE -vb 600000 output.avi

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convert raw audio (48KHz, float 32 bits, stereo) to wav float 32 bits:
ffmpeg -f f32le -ar 48000 -ac 2 -i INPUTFILE -acodec pcm_f32le output.wav

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make a video with an image and an audio file:
ffmpeg -loop 1 -shortest -i image.png -i audio.ogg -strict experimental -tune stillimage out.webm

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scale video, resize to 4/3, codecs to play on an old TNT decoder:
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -b:v 700k -vf "scale=720:-1,pad=720:540:0:68" -aspect 4:3 -acodec mp2 -b:a 128k output.avi

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add subtitles (hardcoded):
ffmpeg -i input.avi -vf subtitles=subs.srt -b:a 128k -b:v 700k -acodec mp2 toto.avi

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convert a DVD to avi with hardcoded subtitles (resize/crop too)
(for palette, see http://ffmpeg-users.933282.n4.nabble.com/How-to-associate-a-palette-to-DVD-subtitle-td4661342.html):
ffmpeg -analyzeduration 1000M -probesize 1000M -palette "101010,7d7d7d,eaeaea,eaeaea,101010,eaeaea,101010,101010,c4c4c4,0d4270,b0a06d,d8650c,333333,4c4c4c,655a35,944c0c" -i "concat:VTS_01_1.VOB|VTS_01_2.VOB|VTS_01_3.VOB|VTS_01_4.VOB|VTS_01_5.VOB|VTS_01_6.VOB" -filter_complex "[0:v][0:s:4]overlay[v]; [v] scale=720:405,pad=720:540:0:67 [outv]" -map "[outv]" -map "0:a:0" -b:v 1000k -aspect 4:3 -acodec mp2 -b:a 128k toto.avi